REV-ERB agonist is one of those subjects where the details matter more than the headlines. This page pulls together the background, the mechanisms, and the practical points readers ask about most.
Last reviewed on 2026-08-01. Where a claim depends on a specific study, the study is described rather than over-claimed.
Detection of SR9009 in biological samples usually employs liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. This method can identify the parent compound and sometimes metabolites in urine or blood. Because exposure can be low and clearance may be rapid, sample timing and limits of detection matter. Laboratories validate assays for sensitivity and specificity. Results are interpreted alongside chain-of-custody and quality-control records. Urine is the common matrix for anti-doping analysis, while blood may be used in research settings.
Handling recommendations for SR9009 in a laboratory setting include storing the solid at low temperature, protected from light and moisture. The compound is often dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide or ethanol for experiments. Solutions should be prepared with appropriate personal protective equipment and disposed of according to local rules. Stability data for long-term storage are limited, so stock solutions are typically kept cold and used within defined periods. Records of preparation date and concentration support reproducibility.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule developed as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα (NR1D1) and REV-ERBβ (NR1D2). These receptors help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. In cell and animal studies, SR9009 alters transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation, and mitochondrial function. It is not an approved medicine, and its pharmacological profile in humans remains largely uncharacterized. The compound is frequently discussed in the context of circadian biology and metabolic research rather than clinical use.
Preclinical reports have linked SR9009 to improved endurance and altered energy expenditure in rodents. Such findings have prompted interest in whether REV-ERB activation can influence skeletal muscle metabolism. However, the reported effects depend on dose, route, and experimental model, and replication across laboratories is limited. Human trials have not established comparable outcomes, so claims about exercise performance remain speculative. The absence of controlled human data is a central limitation in interpreting these observations.
The mechanism of action involves binding to REV-ERB receptors and recruiting corepressor complexes, which represses target gene transcription. This contrasts with many nuclear receptor agonists that activate transcription. Downstream effects may include changes in autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and lipid handling, but the precise pathways remain an active area of study. Whether these molecular events translate into meaningful physiological effects in humans is unresolved. Most evidence comes from cultured cells and rodent models rather than human participants.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Regulatory status | Not approved as a medicine in major jurisdictions | Sold as a research chemical; legal status varies |
| Anti-doping status | Prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency | Listed under non-approved substances or related category |
| Typical analytical method | LC-MS/MS | Used for detection and confirmation in biological samples |
| Storage temperature | −20 °C or lower for solid | Desiccated and protected from light |
| Common solution solvents | DMSO; ethanol | Aqueous solubility is limited |
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. It is not an approved medicine and has no established human therapeutic use. The compound appears in scientific literature as a tool for probing circadian and metabolic regulation. Online sellers often label it as a research chemical, sometimes using the nickname Stenabolic. Its chemical identity is distinct from selective androgen receptor modulators, stimulants, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta agonists. Researchers use it mainly in cell and animal experiments.
At the molecular level, SR9009 binds REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ and alters their repressive activity on target genes. These nuclear receptors help regulate the circadian clock, lipid synthesis, glucose metabolism, and inflammatory pathways. By changing transcription, the compound can shift the timing or magnitude of downstream metabolic processes in model systems. It does not act through androgen receptors or adenosine receptors, which distinguishes it from several substances sold for athletic performance. Whether the same transcriptional changes occur in humans at tolerable exposures remains an open question because controlled human studies are lacking.
Preclinical reports describe effects on exercise endurance, mitochondrial content, and lipid profiles in rodents, but these findings come from specific experimental conditions. Many studies use high doses or delivery methods that may not translate directly to human use. SR9009 has been reported to have low oral bioavailability and a short half-life, which complicates interpretation of oral dosing studies. It is not established as safe or effective for any indication. Literature discussions often separate its pharmacological mechanism from unverified claims made in fitness and supplement markets.
Analytical methods for SR9009 typically rely on liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The technique can separate the parent compound from related substances and detect low concentrations in biological matrices. Urine and blood are common samples in anti-doping testing, while in vitro studies may use cell culture media. Rapid metabolism and low expected concentrations make method validation important for reliable identification. Exact metabolite patterns can vary by species and are not fully mapped.
Regulatory treatment of SR9009 reflects its investigational status. The compound has no approved human therapeutic indication, and sports authorities prohibit its use. It appears on anti-doping lists as a non-approved substance or metabolic modulator, depending on the list version. Products sold online as research chemicals are not quality-controlled medicines, so their identity and purity can differ from the label. Such products may also contain unlisted compounds, which complicates both testing and safety assessment.
=== Machine Learned Interatomic Potentials === Machine Learned Interatomic Potentials (MLIPs) are computational models that use machine learning techniques to approximate the interactions between atoms in a material. Their primary goal is to predict quantities such as total energy, atomic forces, and stresses with accuracy approaching that of quantum mechanical methods, such as Density Functional Theory (DFT), while maintaining lower computational cost. MLIPs are typically trained on datasets generated from first-principles calculations, where atomic configurations are paired with corresponding energies and forces. The models learn an approximation to the potential energy surface (PES), which describes how the energy of a system varies with atomic positions. Forces acting on atoms are then obtained as the gradient of the predicted energy, ensuring consistency with physical laws. MLIPs have been widely applied in molecular dynamics simulations and materials science, enabling the study of complex phenomena such as defect formation, phase transformations, and chemical reactions. In high-energy environments, such as radiation damage cascades, energy-based MLIPs are generally preferred because they ensure energy conservation and provide more stable simulations under extreme conditions, particularly when combined with short-range repulsive corrections such as the Ziegler–Biersack–Littmark (ZBL) potential.
=== Da–Di === Jeff Dahn (born 1957), Canadian materials chemist noted for significant contributions to lithium-ion batteries John Dalton (1766–1844), British chemist, physicist and meteorologist, whose work laid the foundations of modern atomic theory and stoichiometric chemistry Marie Maynard Daly (1921–2003), American biochemist who studied the chemistry of histones, protein synthesis, the relationships between cholesterol and hypertension, and uptake of creatine by muscle cells Carl Peter Henrik Dam (1895–1976), Danish biochemist, winner of the 1943 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering vitamin K and its role in human physiology Samuel J. Danishefsky (born 1936), American organic chemist, natural product total synthesis, 1995/6 Wolf Prize in Chemistry Raymond Davis, Jr.
Until recently, brown adipose tissue in humans was thought to be primarily limited to infants, but new evidence has overturned that belief. Metabolically active tissue with temperature responses similar to brown adipose was first reported in the neck and trunk of some human adults in 2007, and the presence of brown adipose in human adults was later verified histologically in the same anatomical regions.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
== Working principle == Droplets are formed using the surface tension properties of a liquid. For example, water placed on a hydrophobic surface such as wax paper will form spherical droplets to minimize its contact with the surface. Differences in surface hydrophobicity affect a liquid's ability to spread and 'wet' a surface by changing the contact angle. As the hydrophobicity of a surface increases, the contact angle increases, and the ability of the droplet to wet the surface decreases. The change in contact angle, and therefore wetting, is regulated by the Young-Lippmann equation.
== Definition == According to the United Nations Statistics Division, wholesale is the resale of new and used goods to retailers, to industrial, commercial, institutional or professional users, or to other wholesalers, or involves acting as an agent or broker in buying merchandise for, or selling merchandise to, such persons or companies. Wholesalers frequently physically assemble, sort, and grade goods in large lots, break-bulk, repack, and redistribute in smaller lots. While wholesalers of most products usually operate from independent premises, wholesale marketing for foodstuffs can take place at specific wholesale markets where all traders are congregated. In the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC Rev.4), wholesale trade is primarily Division 46 ("Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles"). In the NAICS, wholesale trade is Sector 42, commonly separated into merchant wholesalers and agents/brokers (including electronic markets). A common way to distinguish wholesale from retail is by the main customer:
== External links == International Emergency Economic Powers Act as amended (PDF/details) in the GPO Statute Compilations collection International Emergency Economic Powers Act as enacted (details) in the US Statutes at Large
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
The Bradford assay, a colorimetric protein assay, is based on an absorbance shift of the dye Coomassie brilliant blue G-250. The Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 dye exists in three forms: anionic (blue), neutral (green), and cationic (red). Under acidic conditions, the dye is red; when it is deprotonated, the red form of the dye is converted into its blue form, which can bind to the protein being assayed. If there is no protein present, then the solution will remain brown. Dye-protein interactions are driven by electrostatic interactions between positively charged arginine (and to a lesser extent, lysine and histidine) and the deprotonated negatively charged sulfonate groups on the dye, as well as hydrophobic interactions with the aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine). Binding of the dye to the protein stabilizes the anionic form of the dye, which can be detected colorimetrically by a shift from 465 nm to 595 nm. The cationic (unbound) form is red and has an absorption spectrum maximum at 465 nm, whereas the anionic bound form has an absorption spectrum maximum at 595 nm. The increase of absorbance at 595 nm is proportional to the amount of bound dye, and thus to the amount (concentration) of protein present in the sample. Unlike other protein assays, the Bradford protein assay is less susceptible to interference by various chemical compounds such as sodium, potassium or even carbohydrates like sucrose, that may be present in protein samples. An exception of note is elevated concentrations of detergent.
Von Willebrand factor is normally synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum of endothelial cells lining blood vessels (and also in megakaryocytes), and it is then packaged into multimers (many strands of vWF connected by disulfide bonds) by the Golgi and stored in Weibel-Palade bodies as a helical spiral of multiple multimers. When vWF is secreted by endothelial cells, the multimers are cleaved by the enzyme ADAMTS13 and vWF circulates in the plasma in a coiled and inactive form. When there is damage to a blood vessel (due to trauma or other factors) collagen under the blood vessel lining is exposed. When vWF comes into contact with exposed collagen it uncoils and binds to the collagen. Circulating platelets bind to vWF using their GpIb-alpha surface protein which binds to a specific area on the uncoiled vWF strand (The A1 domain binding site). Upon binding, the platelets become activated and irregularly shaped which attracts more platelets to the area of vascular damage to form a platelet plug in the blood vessel wall and stop the bleeding. In VWD, vWF is either deficient (type 1 disease), dysfunctional (type 2 disease), or is completely absent (the severe type 3 disease) leading to dysfunction in the above mechanism to stop bleeding. Circulating vWF also binds to coagulation factor VIII preventing it from being degraded. Factor VIII is involved in the coagulation cascade to also prevent excessive bleeding. Von Willebrand factor is mainly active in conditions of high blood flow and shear stress.
Collagen alpha-3(IV) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL4A3 gene. Type IV collagen, the major structural component of basement membranes, is a multimeric protein composed of three alpha subunits; this gene encodes the alpha 3 subunit. These subunits are encoded by six different genes, alpha 1 through alpha 6, each of which can form a triple helix structure with two other subunits to form type IV collagen. In Goodpasture's syndrome, autoantibodies bind to the collagen molecules in the basement membranes of alveoli and glomeruli. The epitopes that elicit these autoantibodies are localized largely to the non-collagenous C-terminal domain of the protein. A specific kinase phosphorylates amino acids in this same C-terminal region and the expression of this kinase is upregulated during pathogenesis. There are multiple alternate transcripts that appear to be unique to this human alpha 3 gene and alternate splicing is restricted to the six exons that encode this C-terminal domain. This gene is also linked to an autosomal recessive form of Alport syndrome. The mutations contributing to this syndrome are also located within the exons that encode this C-terminal region. Like the other members of the type IV collagen gene family, this gene is organized in a head-to-head conformation with another type IV collagen gene so that each gene pair shares a common promoter. Some exons of this gene are interspersed with exons of an uncharacterized gene which is on the opposite strand.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
Its legal status depends on the country and intended use. It is not an approved medicine in major jurisdictions. In sport, it is prohibited by anti-doping rules.
Laboratories typically use LC-MS/MS to detect SR9009 and related compounds in urine or blood. The method is sensitive but depends on sample collection timing. Confirmatory analysis follows quality-control procedures.
Solid material is generally kept cold, dry, and protected from light. Solutions are often stored in sealed containers at low temperature. Stability beyond recommended periods is not well documented.
It is a synthetic compound that acts as an agonist at REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. It is used mainly as a research chemical to study circadian and metabolic pathways. It is not approved for human therapeutic use.