Everything below concerns SR9009. We keep the language plain, cite what the science says, and separate well-supported claims from open questions.
Last reviewed on 2026-05-06. Where a claim depends on a specific study, the study is described rather than over-claimed.
Quality control for research materials includes identity confirmation by nuclear magnetic resonance and purity assessment by high-performance liquid chromatography. Mass spectrometry provides molecular weight confirmation and can detect related impurities. Purchasers should request a certificate of analysis that lists lot-specific data. Online products advertised for human use often lack such documentation. Distinguishing legitimate research material from mislabeled or contaminated samples is a recurring challenge in independent testing, and independent laboratories may use orthogonal methods to verify identity.
Detection of SR9009 in biological samples usually relies on liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. This approach separates the compound from matrix components and identifies it by mass transitions. Because SR9009 can undergo metabolism, laboratories often look for both parent drug and specific metabolites. Sample preparation may involve protein precipitation or solid-phase extraction. Method validation examines sensitivity, carryover, and interference from related substances, and reference standards are required for accurate calibration.
Storage recommendations for SR9009 reference material typically specify a freezer at -20 °C or lower, with protection from moisture and light. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles can degrade small molecules and introduce variability. Stock solutions in dimethyl sulfoxide are often aliquoted to avoid repeated handling. Stability studies may examine degradation under heat, humidity, and light exposure. The compound's thiophene and nitro groups can participate in reactions that alter analytical signals over time, so such changes affect quantitative results.
SR9009 is frequently discussed in fitness and research-chemical contexts, yet it has no approved medical indication. Regulatory agencies have not authorized it for human use, and it is not a standard prescription drug. Some sports organizations list it as a prohibited substance because of its potential performance-enhancing properties. Published human data are sparse, so claims about its effects in people often rely on animal models or anecdotal reports. Quality and identity of online materials can vary widely.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as a REV-ERB agonist. REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ are nuclear receptors that help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. The compound was identified in academic screening efforts to find synthetic ligands for these receptors. In cell and animal studies, SR9009 alters transcription of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, and it can shift circadian behavior. It is not an approved therapeutic agent.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Typical storage temperature | -20 °C or lower | Desiccated and protected from light |
| Common analytical method | LC-MS/MS | Detects parent drug and metabolites |
| Solubility class | Lipophilic; soluble in organic solvents | Low aqueous solubility |
| Molecular weight | 437.94 g/mol | Calculated from reported formula |
| Synonyms | SR9009; REV-ERB agonist | Code name used in scientific literature |
Analytical identification and purity assessment often use high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection or mass spectrometry. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry is used to detect and quantify SR9009 in biological matrices, including urine and blood, for anti-doping or pharmacokinetic studies. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy can confirm molecular structure. Stability depends on form and storage: the solid is generally more stable than solutions, and repeated freeze–thaw cycles may degrade samples. Purity is typically reported as a percentage from a certificate of analysis.
Regulatory treatment of SR9009 varies by country and context. It is not approved as a therapeutic drug by agencies such as the United States Food and Drug Administration or the European Medicines Agency. Sports authorities list it as a prohibited substance; the World Anti-Doping Agency classifies it among hormone and metabolic modulators. Legal status for personal possession or sale differs across jurisdictions, and some countries may restrict it under analog or research chemical laws. Buyers who seek verified material often rely on independent laboratory testing because online product labels may not match contents.
Laboratory samples of SR9009 are typically handled as research chemicals rather than pharmaceuticals. Suppliers usually state that the material is for research use only and not for human or veterinary administration. Storage recommendations generally call for a freezer at approximately −20 °C, protection from light, and a desiccated environment. The solid is often described as a white to off-white powder. Solubility is commonly reported in organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol, with low solubility in water.
== Use in astronomy == While the total number of "catalytic" nuclei are conserved in the cycle, in stellar evolution the relative proportions of the nuclei are altered. When the cycle is run to equilibrium, the ratio of the carbon-12/carbon-13 nuclei is driven to 3.5, and nitrogen-14 becomes the most numerous nucleus, regardless of initial composition. During a star's evolution, convective mixing episodes moves material, within which the CNO cycle has operated, from the star's interior to the surface, altering the observed composition of the star. Red giant stars are observed to have lower carbon-12/carbon-13 and carbon-12/nitrogen-14 ratios than do main sequence stars, which is considered to be convincing evidence for the operation of the CNO cycle.
==== Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors ==== Entacapone (Comtan) – catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor Opicapone (BIA 9-1067; BIA-91067; Ongentys; ONO-2370) – catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor [341] Tolcapone (RO-407592; Tasmar) – catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor [342]
=== Medical efficacy === The microbiological efficacy of DBNPA against bacteria coupled with the degradation results found early in the corn-to-ethanol process, could allow this biocide to replace antibiotics in the corn-to-ethanol biofuel industry. DBNPA can be used to protect against bacterial infection of the corn-to-ethanol process, saving on costs of raw materials, finished products, and post bacterial infection clean-outs, but it is also suggested that use of this biocide can help prevent antibiotic resistance. Adverse effects Exposure to DBNPA can lead to several health concerns like acute toxicity, skin and eye irritation and respiratory effects. Potential for occupational exposure to DBNPA exists during manufacture, at bulk unloading, storage and staging areas, but also during sampling and maintenance operations in facilities while using the chemical as an additive in the manufacture of other products. A much lower potential for exposure exists in facilities using DBNPA in closed manufacturing processes by trained personnel. A positive pressure air-supplied respirator is required when airborne concentrations of DBNPA exceeds the recommended exposure limit. In addition, LANXESS recommends the use of safety glasses with side shields or safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, a chemical-resistant protective suit and suitable protective footwear be worn when handling DBNPA. Regarding short-term health effects, DBNPA is very toxic by inhalation and toxic by ingestion. Prolonged exposure may cause severe nose, throat and lung irritation.
==== India ==== Hitchens wrote on India across multiple decades, addressing Hindu nationalism, the legacy of Gandhi, religious violence, and the country's relationship with Pakistan. Writing for Vanity Fair from Amritsar in August 1997, Hitchens condemned the 1992 demolition of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya as "a crowning disgrace," and characterised the growing Hindu nationalist movement in India as "quasi-fascist" and "semi-criminal." In God Is Not Great (2007), Hitchens used Bombay (now Mumbai) as a case study of how religion fuels communal violence, listing it alongside Belfast, Beirut, Belgrade, Bethlehem, and Baghdad. In Chapter 14, titled "There Is No 'Eastern' Solution," he argued that Hinduism and Buddhism were equally vulnerable to irrationality and violence as the Abrahamic religions, rejecting the notion of an enlightened "Eastern" alternative to Western religion. In a 2011 essay for The Atlantic titled "The Real Mahatma Gandhi," written as a review of Joseph Lelyveld's biography Great Soul, Hitchens critically re-examined Gandhi's legacy. He questioned the universality of Gandhi's doctrine of nonviolence, citing Gandhi's letters to Adolf Hitler during World War II in which Gandhi urged the application of satyagraha against the Nazi regime. Hitchens argued that Gandhi's religious and ascetic worldview was fundamentally incompatible with secular and democratic politics.
=== FORTUNE, Modern Healthcare and Press Ganey awards === Southern Ohio Medical Center has been recognized as one of FORTUNE Magazine’s Best Places to Work in America for six straight years. In 2013, it came in 29th on the list with FORTUNE noting: “Employees are proud to work for a medical provider that has won numerous awards for patient care, a fact that's reflected in its average tenure. Nearly 20% of the staff has worked there for more than 20 years.” SOMC was recognized on the FORTUNE list again in 2014 (coming in 18th) and 2015 (coming in 44th). In the 2015 survey, 93% of SOMC employees described their workplace as "a great place to work." Modern Healthcare Magazine also recognized SOMC as one of the nation's best healthcare employers in 2010, 2011 and 2012. In 2012, Southern Ohio Medical Center was one of only 13 Press Ganey clients in the nation to be chosen as a Distinctive Workplace Award winner. The award was given to organizations that reached, and sustained, the 95th percentile in employee satisfaction – SOMC was at the 99th percentile.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
==== Inclusion of plasticizers ==== Inclusion of plasticizers tends to lower Tg and increase polymer flexibility. Addition of the plasticizer will also modify dependence of the glass-transition temperature Tg on the cooling rate. The mobility of the chain can further change if the molecules of plasticizer give rise to hydrogen bonding formation. Plasticizers are generally small molecules that are chemically similar to the polymer and create gaps between polymer chains for greater mobility and fewer interchain interactions. A good example of the action of plasticizers is related to polyvinylchlorides or PVCs. A uPVC, or unplasticized polyvinylchloride, is used for things such as pipes. A pipe has no plasticizers in it, because it needs to remain strong and heat-resistant. Plasticized PVC is used in clothing for a flexible quality. Plasticizers are also put in some types of cling film to make the polymer more flexible.
Lindow Moss is a peat bog in Lindow, an area of Wilmslow, Cheshire, which has been used as common land since the medieval period. It formed after the last ice age, one of many such peat bogs in north-east Cheshire and the Mersey basin that formed in hollows caused by melting ice. Investigations have not yet discovered settlement or agricultural activity around the edge of Lindow Moss that would have been contemporary with Lindow Man, but analysis of pollen in the peat suggests there was some cultivation in the vicinity. Once covering over 600 hectares (1,500 acres), the bog has now shrunk to a tenth of its original size. It is a dangerous place and an 18th-century writer recorded people drowning there. For centuries, the peat from the bog was used as fuel, and it continued to be extracted until the 1980s, by which time the process had been mechanised. Lindow Moss is a lowland raised mire, a type of peat bog which often produces the best-preserved bog bodies, allowing more detailed analysis. Lowland raised mires occur mainly in northern England and extend south to the Midlands. Lindow Man is one of 27 bodies to be recovered from such areas.
From 1948 to 1994, international rugby relations with apartheid South Africa, and also the non-integrated nature of rugby within the country drew frequent controversy. South Africa remained a member of the International Rugby Board (IRB) throughout the apartheid era. Halt All Racist Tours was established in New Zealand in 1969 to oppose continued tours to and from South Africa. Though contacts were restricted after the Gleneagles Agreement in 1977, there were controversial tours in 1980 by the British Lions and by France, in 1981 by Ireland, and in 1984 by England. South Africa toured New Zealand in 1981. South Africa were excluded from the first two Rugby World Cups, in 1987 and 1991. Racially selected New Zealand sports teams toured South Africa until the 1970 All Blacks rugby tour allowed Māori to go under the status of 'honorary whites'. The issue affected not only black South Africans, but also indigenous New Zealanders and to a lesser extent indigenous Australians. Many major rugby union international sides had few non-white players, but theoretically, a side such as Fiji would have been frowned upon. Apartheid South Africa's last foreign tour was to New Zealand in 1981, prior to the system's dismantlement in 1991 and new elections in 1994.
=== Weighted boots === Weighted boots of several styles may be used if the diver will be working heavy. Some are in the form of clogs which strap on over the boots, and others use lead inner soles. Ankle weights are also an option, but less comfortable. These weights give the diver better stability when working upright on the bottom, which can significantly improve productivity for some kinds of work.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is a common approach. It can detect the parent compound and its metabolites in biological matrices.
Research samples are typically kept frozen, desiccated, and protected from light. Stock solutions are often aliquoted to reduce freeze-thaw cycles.
High-performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance are standard for purity and identity. Mass spectrometry confirms molecular weight.
SR9009 is a synthetic compound investigated as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. It is used in preclinical research on circadian rhythm and metabolism. It is not an approved drug.